(p.127) A camera ________ file contains unprocessed picture data from a digital camera's image sensor.

(p.127) The advantage of camera raw files is that they let the ________ -- rather than the camera -- interpret the image data and make adjustments and conversions; the camera doesn't do any image processing.

(p.127) Think of a camera raw file as a photo ________.

(p.127) When you make adjustments to a camera raw image, Photoshop and Bridge preserve the original file data, keeping the original image intact.

(p.127) You can open Camera Raw from either Bridge or Photoshop; you can apply edits to only one file at a time.

(p.129) An image's ________ reflects the lighting conditions under which it was captured.

(p.129) One component of white balance called ________ is measured in kelvins and determines the level of "coolness" or "warmness" of the image — that is, its cool blue-green tones or warm yellow-red tones.

(p.129) The second component of white balance is ________, which compensates for magenta or green color casts in the image.

(p.131) ________ essentially defines the white point, or the lightest point of the image, so that Camera Raw adjusts everything else accordingly.

(p.131) The Fill Light slider increases detail in the ________.

(p.131) For more nuanced contrast adjustments, you can use the ________ slider, which adds depth to an image by increasing local contrast, especially on the midtones.

(p.131) For the best effect, increase the Clarity slider until you see ________ near the edge details, and then reduce the setting slightly.

(p.133) The ________ in the upper-right corner of the Camera Raw dialog box simultaneously shows the red, green, and blue channels of the selected image, and it updates interactively as you adjust any settings.

(p.134) ________ an image gives stronger definition to the details and edges.

(p.134) Any camera raw settings you make to one image can be automatically applied to other images using the ________ command.

(p.138) The Joint Photographic ________ Group (JPEG) image format is commonly used to display photographs and other continuous-tone RGB images on the web.

(p.138) The JPEG image format retains all color information in an image but compresses file size by selectively ________ data.

(p.138) The greater the compression in a JPEG file, the ________ the image quality.

(p.138) The ________ format is the Photoshop native file format.

(p.139) ________ is the ratio between dark and bright regions of an image.

(p.139) HDR stands for ________.

(p.139) You can create an HDR image using multiple photographs, each captured at a different ________, to bring the detail revealed in each shot into a single image.

(p.141) The ________ of an image represents the amount of contrast, or detail, in the image and is determined by the image’s distribution of pixels, ranging from the darkest pixels (black) to the lightest pixels (white).

(p.142) In the Levels histogram, the left (black) triangle represents the shadows; the right (white) triangle represents the highlights; and the middle (gray) triangle represents the midtones, or ________.

(p.143) Working on a(n) ________ layer preserves the original pixels so you can make changes later.

(p.144 & 145) You use the ________ tool to lighten areas of an image.

(p.145) Use the Sponge tool to increase ________.

(p.147) Save your master photos in PSD, TIFF, or DNG format, not in JPEG. Each time a JPEG is re-edited and saved, compression is reapplied and the image quality ________.

(p.148) Apply the ________ filter to give an image a smooth appearance.

(p.149) The Shadow/Highlight command is suitable for correcting photos whose subjects are silhouetted against strong ________ or are washed out from being too close to the camera flash.

(p.149) The Shadow/Highlight command is also useful for pulling details from the ________ in an image that is otherwise well-lit.

(p.151) Red eye occurs when the retinas of a subject's eyes are reflected by the camera ________.

(p.151) Red eye commonly occurs in photographs of a subject in a ________ place, because the subject's irises are wide open.

(p.151) Image ________ is random, extraneous pixels that aren't part of the image detail.

(p.151) One type of image noise, ________ noise, is grayscale data that makes an image look grainy or patchy.

(p.151) The other type of image noise, ________ noise, is usually visible as colored artifacts in the image.

(p.153) The Lens Correction filter fixes ________ distortion, a lens defect that causes straight lines to bow out toward the edges of the image.

(p.153) The lens flaw known as ________ aberration appears as a color fringe along the edges of image objects.

(p.153) A camera lens flaw called ________ occurs when the edges of an image, especially the corners, are darker than the center.

(p.156) If you want an entire image to be in focus, take two photos—one with the background in focus and one with the foreground in focus— and then merge the two in Photoshop. This is called adding ________.